News

Monday 11th September

Print News

What are the social issues of ownership on the way producers report events individuals and social groups?

What is the impact of technological change on the ways in which news is produced and distributed to audiences by owners?

What is the impact of digital convergence on offline/online content?

How is the news regulated? 

1) every new product is released with a different target audience in mind. 

2) yes 

Media language is not only about the conventions but involves everything to do withe still imagery 

Expectations of a Tabloid - 

Big red masthead

Few news stories 

Soft news

Smaller in size 

Covered in images

Cheap

Expectations of a Broadsheet - 

Bigger sized

Lots of different news

Hard news

Less imagery

Expensive

Tuesday 12th September

production of newspapers in-tales how people receive their news and how it is brought to be inform of them whether is be online production or printing production.

distribution is the term used for getting the paper from one location (the factory) to another (the various different places they are sold) but it is very expensive to distribute physical newspapers now so people are restoring to other ideas such as online news. 

Ownership

The owner of the daily mail is Lord Rothermere who is a cross media converged conglomerate, these are usually owned by media barons but he himself is also a media baron.

The Scott Trust owns the guardian which is a legal arrangement that transfers funds from the owner to a trustee who manages and controls the newspapers. 

The July average daily circulation for the daily mail was 745,629

1980's this made it easier for publishes to make more newspapers and therefore were able to get them to every store in every town, the only thing holding them back was overnight transport.

1990's was when online internet was becoming more popular therefore it was easier for audiences to access the news but harder for the owners to profit off of it 

2000's was when it became mostly online news and thats how the majority of people were accessing their news and t made it harder for big owners to sell it via newspapers

Monday 18th September

Press agencies identify key facts when major events happen.

Press agencies report facts without judgement 

Gatekeeping is when the editor filters what goes into the news and what stories they choose to cover, some stories can be skipped altogether and not covered by a certain newspaper but other, for example, the queens death would have been covered by every single newspaper. 

Protective coverage is when all the newspaper editors are told a certain bit of information but cannot report on it as it would put things at jeopardy, for example when prince Harry visited Afghanistan we did not hear a word form it as the public because Protective coverage came into play to help keep Harry as safe as possible. 

Negativity 

Reference to elite persons 

Unexpectedness

  

The image on the daily mail suggest that he isn't our average man and his scruffy look with unkept beard and buttoned down shirt this singles out a single group of men rather than targeting men as a whole making it seem like it isn't all men that are like this and rather just one specific group who are very easy to identify.

Tuesday 19th September

Free press is when the media is not regulated or censored 

The forth estate is when 

homogenous - singular, similar & undistinguishable 

Plurality - that more than one viewpoint is maintained in the news, that the owners cant reduce the plurality. 

The two papers have 2 different views in politics, one is very right wing and is praising Boris Johnson and the other is left wing and is doing the exact opposite. Just from the headline alone we can see that, for example the language used in the guardian to describe him is very much negative calling him
desperate and delusional where as in the daily mail we can see that even with the same image they've twisted it to make him seem like he is in control by saying he's staring down the mutiny

Levi Strauss' binary oppositions play a part in this because from the headline and images alone we can see that the daily mirror have used a very unflattering screen grab on purpose to make her seem as stupid as possible with 'lies, damned lies' as the headline explaining her and how she is in power. We can see the complete opposite when we look at the daily mail as they have used a very flattering image of her showing her support and showing her smiling in a good light along with the headline 'lets reignite British spirit' a very positive message clearly siding with Theresa may and her right wing beliefs, from this we can see the classic example of bad vs good in Levi Struass' media theory. We know that the mirror is a left wing magazine and that is what the audience would expect when reading this magazine. They also expect to see the mirror criticising the right wing papers such as the daily mail. 

Monday 25th September 

Print news regulation 

Regulation is when news is regulated to make it appropriate for audience consumption 

REGULATION may be directed by the government making it seem like British Government has too much control over what is being allowed in newspapers

The British press is self regulated, this can cause problems because they then decide what goes into their newspapers 

Curran and seaton

Hesomonfhalgh 

Livingstone and Lunt

Revision For Regulation 

Regulation is something that has been discussed ever since printed news became popular and there are many different ways of looking at it, which usually fall into 2 categories. The ones that agree with having to regulate our news and deciding what does and doesn't go into our newspapers and then the people against it who would like our newspapers to be free to say whatever they like. There are pros and cons to both sides so no one side is right and wrong, for example we can se that in the news that some people suggests that by regulating the news we are giving the government too much power and control what we think and do through the use of deciding what goes into our papers. It can also be said that regulating is a good thing because then you don't have situations where news reporters are reporting on a topic that isn't entirely true just so they can be the first to get it out and have the initial 

Curren and Seaton say that patterns in who owns certain medias are important because the pool of people who own the media is the people who decide what goes into it and if one or two people who are both right wing own all the newspaper outlets then it creates a problem because you cant have all newspapers owned by one person and the government can legally intervene with this.

Monday 2nd October

The daily mails circulations reaches figure of over 1.2 million which is 25% of the market share in newspapers the biggest share of all the other newspapers, this links back to our theory of Curren and seaton where they said that no one person can own all newspaper outlets as this affects the plurality of our news and creates a very one sided opinion on news. This would mean that 25% of the news is owned by our big media barron the Rothermere family and the daily mail has been owned by them for countless many years. The daily mails main aim is to make money and have a very large profit margin, we can see this based off of a few things where for example an advert in the daily mail ranges from £3000 to anywhere in the regions of £3,000,000 how ever they are able to charge this much due to their readership numbers and if readership for the daily mail was to deplete we would see a decrease in the amount an advertisement would cost and another way we can see this is just by finding out the amount of profit they made in 2017 which was £77 million profit and a readership of around 8.5 million this affects distribution as it helps that they are making a very big profit therefore they are able to put out more news daily and more efficiently, whether that be by print or online.  

The guardian has a lot less readership within their print and online news therefore their advertising prices are a lot less than the daily mail ranging from around £5000 to £32,000 depending on the severity of the advert.

Tuesday 9th October

Daily Mail 

Ownership - 

Funding and revenue - 

The daily mail has adverts in their newspapers from the very first page and also has adverts which are a lot larger in size and therefore take up more room in the newspaper

Tech Developments - 

News values and bias - 

Regulation - 

This is the daily mails regulation part in their magazine showing the audience how this newspaper is regulated. 

The Guardian 

Ownership - 

Funding and revenue - 

This is on the page 10 of the guardian which shows us that they prioritise the news first over the adverts but that doesn't mean that they don't include any at all, the amount of adverts between the guardian and the daily mail is probably quite similar yet in the guardian they are a lot smaller and don't start until a little bit into the paper.

Tech Developments - 

News values and bias - 

This cover portrays the bias in the guardian news as it is slandering the right wing (conservative) party  by saying the Rishi Sunak has 'ignited a civil war' within his own party. which also takes digs at conservatives as they are framing them to make it seem as though their politics are falling apart.

Regulation - 

Tuesday 31st October

The Power Elite - ' Liz phone is hacked by Putin ' 

Celebrity - ' Simon Cowell exclusive ' 

Entertainment - 

Surprise - ' Liz phone is hacked by Putin ' 

Bad news - 

Good news - ' Simon Cowell exclusive ' 

Magnitude - ' World cup ' 

Relevance - ' Free england world cup fan kit ' 

Follow up - 

Newspaper agenda - 

We have power elite in the daily mail newspaper as we have a quote form a politician 

We also have celebrity as our main cover image is an actor who is playing Diana 

Tuesday 7th November 

'Halves risk of breast cancer' Barthes applies to this as the denotations are fairly obvious we can see that the main cover line is that a daily pill supposedly halves the risk of breast cancer. 

Size - The broadsheet is much greater in size compared to the tabloid newspapers which are your standard newspaper size, although in recent years broadsheets have mostly changed their size to match the tabloid as it is more cost effective.

Lexis - 

Mode of address - 

Headline size - The headline size on a tabloid is much larger than the headlines on a broadsheet 

Image to text ratio - The image to text ratio on a tabloid is very much more image orientated compared to the broadsheet which heavily focusses in on the information as opposed to text 

Dual convergence is when genres borrow conventions from another in the use of media language and so increasingly resemble one another.

Neale applies to the guardian because we see that newspapers are declining in popularity therefore what Neale says in his first point does apply. 

Neale also applies to 

Tuesday 14th November 

The Typography in a tabloid is very bold

The Typography in a broadsheet is kept very small because they have a lot more text than they do images and the only bigger thing on the page will be the heading.

The layout in a broadsheet is kept very similar with most of them having one headline and one main image with a lot of text. 

The mode of address in a broadsheet is

The locations of shooting in a broadsheet varies depending on what they're talking about in the main story of that day.

The lighting in a broadsheet similarly to the locations can vary depending on what the main story of the magazine is talking about.

Choice of camera shot similarly to the locations and lighting can vary from broadsheet to broadsheet but 

Masthead - The daily telegraph Connotes that you will get a daily paper making it reliable for its readers to know there will be one every day

Logo - 

Plug - 

Puff - 

Layout - Written out into columns helps the reader identify the story easier and helps split stories up very easily without any confusion being caused. 

Sub-Heading - 

Headline - 

Main Image - Main image portrays a young female footballer playing for England's football national team in training

Minor Images - 

Monday 20th November 

The Daily Mail

How has the daily mail hybridised its newspapers?

They keep their writing to a minimum on their front covers to appeal to their mid market audience while still covering areas of hard news as they are not a full tabloid newspaper but rather a mix between the two. An example of this would be the text to image ratio being a lot more image than text but also they layout which would show us that it is a hybrid, we can see promotional stickers at the top of the page. 

This cover uses media language to show genre, viewpoints and ideologies in various different ways. As an example we can see the masthead is in a very traditional broadsheet style using a script/serif font which relates to the older more telegraph broadsheet newspapers which gives us as the audience ideologies of being trustworthy and having been around for a while gives us that sense of belief and patriotism towards it as it is a 'true english newspaper' while sticking to that tabloid layout. With a a lot more image and headline than text, despite having only one image on the front we can still see that it very much does stick to the standard conventions of a tabloid newspaper 

Levi-Strauss applies to this cover as we can see its very much a case of the daily mail supporting the conservative party and going against the labour party. We see this specifically as in this cover the daily mail does not agree with Starmer's plans/ ideas on putting VAT on private schools even saying it would be 'spiteful' to do so. 

The Guardian

The media language used reinforces the genre and viewpoints and ideologies of the newspaper. Masthead/Name - The masthead follows a broadsheet genre convention through the use of a serif type. This shows the history of the newspapers the forth estate and the importance of unbiased news. The colour in this suggests the opposition of the standard red and white replaced with the blue and white to stick with the idea of having a more tabloid newspaper but still keeping their values as a broadsheet newspaper with the typeface they have decided to go with

Tuesday 21st November 

Baudrillard applies to this cover because we can see from the Matt Hancock story that it shows that we as an audience and the daily mail as a news distributor agrees that his involvement in the hyper-real world in this case being a reality television show is more important/relevant than his involvement in the real world. This story even more so as he has a very big involvement in the real world with lots of controversy surrounding his name. 

In the guardian we can apply baudrillard because of the idea of hyper reality and as an audience we can question whether the image we are given was a true and real representation of what is real in china during the lockdown protests but we are unaware for sure whether this is something that is real or is made into this hyper reality.

Question 2

How far? = Judgement 

Intro = state the viewpoints

Middle = Both sides, agree/disagree/both

End = Conclusion, state the viewpoint 

In these two newspapers we can see that one of them is a tabloid (The mirror) and the other is a hybrid between the two of the different types of newspapers, tabloid and broadsheet. A tabloid newspaper traditionally consists of the bright red masthead at the very top of the page, soft news on the covers usually covering stories like celebrity news, and peoples normal everyday struggles. 

We can also tell by comparing the two different viewpoints and ideologies that are created within a tabloid and within a hybrid newspaper, the use of photo in the mirror one is very different to the one in the daily mail. From the picture alone we can see that the mirror are very much a left wing newspaper who want to make Theresa May look as bad as possibly by calling her a liar and using very unflattering images of her. whereas when we look over to the daily mails version of the very same news story we can see that she is almost praised and the image is making her look as though she has done something very good and that she is also supported within the conservative party which is the way the daily mail choose to present their news and what political wing they lean more towards. Another point to show that these two newspapers create meanings and ideologies is that the mastheads are very different despite both being tabloid newspapers in some sense. the mirror has the very stereotypical white text on the red background that we see from a majority of the tabloid newspapers, it is so common among these that it has even become a staple for people to look out for when they see a tabloid newspaper, but we see the complete opposite in the daily mail as we are given very traditional ways of presenting their masthead as if it were a broadsheet paper. The serif typeface that they decide to use on all of their covers as well as the logo between the two words is a very patriotic old English way of presenting their newspaper therefore giving connotations of history in England which tells us that they might show the more hard hitting news or cover much more serious topics compared to the other tabloids this is where we see the hybrid come into our newspapers and that idea that the daily mail does not fall into one or the other when talking about tabloid and broadsheet newspapers but rather they go both ways

Written in 25 mins (PRACTISE EXAM)

Monday 27th November 

The conventions of different newspaper covers differ between tabloid and broadsheet from various different aspects of a newspaper, for example we see in most if not all tabloid newspapers that the images are prominent in the front cover especially and play a big role in the traditional conventions of a newspaper, whereas in the standard broadsheet we see that there is usually one image on the cover with lots more text. This then links into the text to image ratio we see on these different newspapers, as i have previously said the text on a broadsheet is very noticeable and the main focal point of the newspaper whereas we see the opposite of this in a tabloid as we have the main headline which is used to bring people into their story of the day and big images which also bring in the average customer. We can also talk about the stories in which tabloid and broadsheet covers, broadsheet covering a lot more serious hard news which is unlike the tabloid which tends to cover soft news and general house news which would be deemed traditionally unimportant. 

The daily express uses media language to establish their political viewpoints. The headline indicates the support for the right wing and indicates the hybrid nature of the newspaper with the focus on hard political news, the praise for Sunak can be seen in the choice of words such as 'Victory' to suggest he is destined for victory. 

Tuesday 28th November 

A dominant group is a group of people with certain characteristics who hold positions of power within societal institutions or own production of cultural products such as the news.

Paints the average white male in a good light 

Ownership - 

Ownership affects representations in the printed press as who ever owns the newspapers is decides what goes into them therefore they can decide what is portrayed and what isn't

Economic Factors - 

News Values And Political Bias - 

Regulation - 

Self regulation means that the newspaper itself decides what goes into their newspapers and not being regulated by a third party company   

Daily mail - 

6 Stories 

Men

Racial minority (Positive way)

Able bodied  

Monday 4th December

The image creates gender stereotypes. 

Class - Common stereotypes found and purpose of negative stereotypes.

The common stereotypes found in newspapers of class is that the working class are not represented near enough as they are not apart of the dominant group whereas we see a lot of representations of the upper class and their every day struggles.

Ethnicity - Common stereotypes found and purpose of negative stereotypes. 

The common stereotypes found in newspapers of ethnicity are that they are almost inferior as we never see much representation for people who are not white and when we do its rare that the main headline is about them, the only reason as to why we are able to see a lot of it as of recently is because of Rishi Sunak being our prime minister but usually we would not see much representation and this is because our dominant group is white.

Age - Common stereotypes found and purpose of negative stereotypes. 

The common stereotypes found in newspapers for age are that we have a lot of representation of the older/middle aged generation but a lack of representation of the younger generation. this is because the majority of news now is based on politics and the older generation tend to be the ones who control all of the politics as there is a lack of younger people in the scene. This is also because the dominant group is middle aged therefore they are going to showcase them more and put them under a good light 

Gender - Common stereotypes found and purpose of negative stereotypes. 

The common stereotypes found in newspapers for gender are that males are the ones who are being represented the most, we do see female representation but is not as common as male and some of the stories can paint them in a bad light. We see no representations of any other genders than male and female.

Hall - Hall says meaning is created by a representation, Different stereotypes and how they are constructed should be deconstructed to identify what they tell us. This therefore links to our newspaper covers as there are various different representations we can see within them, for example the age, gender, ethnicity and class all together 

Gauntlett - Gauntlett says that the media have an important 

Van Zoonen - Van Zoonen says that ideas of femininity and masculinity are constructed by the performance of these roles, for example we can see in a daily mail and The guardian covers that they both showcase a women in a lovely dress with her makeup fully done and looking good, while the main cover line is not about the image at all proving that the are just there to be looked at and objectified.

Bell Hooks - 

Tuesday 5th December

Owner of Daily Mail is Lord Rothermere 

Daily Mail Values 

- Conservative  

- Middle Market (Assuming University Education)

- Political & Celebrity News 

- Representations, Positive of the dominant group, Biased towards conservative values. 

- Negative representations of minority groups or no representation at all

Monday 11th December

Centre left political bias - painting the right wing in a bad light 'hold tories together' as if the right wing is 'falling apart' and not in a good state.

Reports national and global affairs -  (National) Affairs are reported in this cover of the guardian as we can see talks of Rishi Sunak, UK's prime minister, being threatened by the tory party. This news is very current therefore it reports national affairs because it is ongoing.

How does the Guardian construct stereotypes to communicate ideology and position audience? 

The guardian uses stereotypes in their newspapers to diminish third world counties by painting these places with headlines that make it seem as though they need help and need our support as the dominant group and not a third world country. We can see this in one of the stories 'Diseases take hold of Gaza' 

What is 'Real' on this edition of The Guardian?

Gilroy's theory can be applied to this cover because we see that the representations support a belief that puts the superiority of white western civilisations on a pedestal, we can see this in the Del Monte story on the guardians front cover. This headline gives us representations of 

Tuesday 9th January 

Which factors have led to the increase in online news?

The evolution of social media and internet and rise in users has also therefore increased online news and decreased print news

How do owners monetise online news?

They monetise it by getting adverts on their pages and various other sponsorships as well as donations 

How has the development of technology and digital convergence impacted the production, distribution & circulation of online news?

technology advancements have broadened the areas in which we as an audience can choose to perceive our news. 

How is online news regulated and why is this an ongoing issue?

Online news is all self regulated and therefore is an ongoing issue because  it has created problems with certain news outlets deciding what does and doesn't make it into the news.

In Summary - 

Daily mail online news launch in 2003, combined with print paper this lead DGMT to have a 20.1& share in the market

The daily mail have a wide online presence offering it on a desktop format a mobile format, some variations which could be considered a tablet format and social medias (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and more recently tik tok)

Daily mail make a lot of their revenue from advertising making a combined revenue of £119 million in 2017.

MailOnline employs over 800 people and create 1500 articles every single day

The content on MailOnline does not only mean national but international news also

What impact has digital convergence had on the production, distribution & circulation of DMGT online content?

Tuesday 16th January

Cultural context of news: 

- Online 

- Accessible 

- Functional 

- International/National 

- Adverts/Pop ups 

- Log in creates personalised content 

- Live updates with the times

- Professional and amateur videos

- Scrolling for more information 

Ad-Like - Liking onto an advert on a website 

ClickStream - A clickstream is the recording of what a user clicks while browsing the web,

Echo Chamber - An echo chamber is an environment or ecosystem in which participants encounter beliefs that amplify or reinforce their preexisting beliefs

Front door traffic - Encouraging users to view newspapers content on their website rather than another site. 

UK news brands cumulatively, have the following reach 

84% of men and women

88% of 18-34 year olds

Desktop online news reach - 

Men ages 35-54 consume most on desktop 

4 million access news on desktop daily 

20% read news brand content weekly 

Mobile and Tablet news reach - 

27 million adults access news content on tablet/phone 

18-34 year olds make up one third of the 27 million 56% being women

Primarily consumed between 6am - 10am 

Social Media reach - 

75% of people read news on social media weekly 

Social media content is usually consumed between 5pm and 10pm 

Social media news has accumulated over 920 million interactions overall 

Facebook being the most popular 

Mail online is accessed by 13 million people daily 73.3% aged 35 + and 26.7% 15-25 

They make an addictive and effective way of scrolling through personalised media target towards the readers beliefs

They use scalable videos that tell the stories so the reader doesn't actually have to read anything as well as putting videos on their pages for people to watch and learn. 

Mail Online Desktop Reach - 

843,000 daily users 

6.5 million unique monthly users 

Mail Online Mobile & Tablet Reach - 

3.6 million mobile phone users daily (2.3 million 35+ 1.3 million 18-24)

Tablet reach is 775,000

Mail Online Social Media Reach - 

Facebook page has over 14million likes 

Most successful news brand on the whole of Facebook

1 billion views per month

Twitter profile has 2.2 million followers 

10 million snapchat users daily 

Monday 22nd January

THE GUARDIAN Online

67% of readers are aged 35+

33% of readers are ages 15-25

34.7 million monthly global unique users

24.2 million UK monthly cross platform users 

Digital news is highly successful and they believe their audiences to be customers of content 

Celebrity 

Good News

The Power Elite 

Relevance

Bad News

Magnitude

These screenshots from The Guardian showcases Harcups news values, they do this because they choose to prioritise the power elite in their cover of the guardian online. This is shown because politics and politicians are shown a lot on the front page for example we can see in the Rishi Sunak cover that they have a live feed to do with that current story which shows that it is one of their front page stories. We can also see that the power elite are represented as a higher up, this is shown by the image being used, the low angle shot type shows us as the audience that he is being represented as bigger and better but that might not always be the case.

Jenkins 

Fans act as 'Textual Poachers' taking elements from media texts to create their own culture 

The development of new media has accelerated 'Participatory culture' where audience are active creative participants rather than being passive consumers creating online communities & producing new forums. 

Jenkins prefers the term 'spreadable media' as opposed to other terms such as viral because their term emphasises the active elements of new media. 

Readers are encouraged to be active in their preferred media consumption 

Readers can share their views and discuss with other people also in their 'fandom' and help understand the content better through online platforms and social medias. 

Shirky

Traditional media are shaped by centralised producers 

Audiences were seen as a mass of people with predictable behaviours 

In the new media every consumer is now a producer. 

Old news would have been newspapers and it would have been very easy to target their audience because they are predictable, there would have been a newspaper for each class group. But now anyone can create their own news and publish it online, so people can have their own opinions and post them online and this is where Shirky's term 'Prosumers' comes from, everything is a lot less filtered. And can be easily altered.

With sharing stories and comments users can create emotional connections both positive and negative with others 

Online news - 

- Masthead

- Headlines 

- Sections and tabs to click on 

- Big images 

- World news

Social Media -

- Content is more celebrity focussed 

- No headlines 

- Have to follow their link to view it further 

- There for promotion as opposed to informative 

What ML print front page conventions are also used on the online and social media pages?

They have used the same colour scheme across all of the platforms 

Which ML conventions used on the online platforms are not used in the print version?

Interactive links, videos, comments

Which ML conventions are most successfully used to connect the platforms as the same news brand?

The logo

Which ML conventions are used to tell audiences they can participate in the content provided?

sign in pages and convincing people to sign up to their subscription pages

Monday 29th January

Videos on the page (particularly homemade videos)

A link to their Linktree which will show you to some of their most popular stories of that day

The guardian branding on the page and on the videos

The guardian 'Logo' as their profile picture 

Their page being called 'guardian' 

The likes on the Instagram page being shown 

The option to comment under the page

People being able to like comments and reply to comments 

Facebook have their logo as the guardian 

Their handle is the guardian

the ability to like and comment 

responding to comments and liking comments

Viewpoint and Ideologies - 

this creates ideas that the pub involved didn't look after their customers properly and pointed fingers at them for this incident. 

The image depicts an ambulance driving along a road which shows us what 

Todorov - Theory of narrative

Equilibrium - Happy family enjoying a Sunday evening in the pub

Disruption - Finding the body in the toilets 

Attempt to solve - trying to find the mother 

Monday 30th January

Individualism - 

Social theory that emphasises the worth of the individual over the social group 

Globalisation - 

Process where the world is becoming more connected due to trade and cultural exchange

Consumerism - 

Encourages buying good and services in ever increasing amounts 

 

This backs up family values as it shows a father playing with his sone despite rumours which have said otherwise. It also shows individuals in a family group as it is heavily focussed on 'Kyle Walker' and his family values. 

EVENTS - 

Selection & combination of content:

Israeli special opps dressing up as Muslim women

Connotations of this representation: 

Creates negative stereotypes of muslim women, demonising them

ISSUES - 

Selection & combination of content:

Connotations of this representation:

SOCIAL GROUPS - 

Selection & combination of content:

Israeli special opps dressing up as Muslim women

Connotations of this representation: 

Lack of any good representation of any minority groups 

INDIVIDUALS -

Selection & combination of content:

Kyle Walker being very much a part of his families life.

Connotations of this representation: 

Creates connotations of tradition family values as it had been tarnished beforehand and this article is resolving that. 

Monday 5th February 

Dominant groups have social power: common positive and negative stereotypes regarding age, gender, class, ethnicity and disability are reproduced to reinforce and naturalise ideologies of exclusion.

Individualism is important: representations suggest readers should prioritise individual needs - social media being a way of communicating and sharing this. This shows that obesity is negative and that a healthier lifestyle is a much more positive way of living and staying fit is very beneficial.

Globalisation benefits society: it allows access to a greater range of content and an increase in

knowledge. This shows that global news even stems down to fashion at the Grammys and isn't always a big form of very important news but more so just news in general on a global scale. 

Consumerism is natural: representations suggests readers' daily lives are structured around consumption. 

Hall 

Gauntlett says about how media offers us a range of diverse messages about identity, this is seen in the article about Gregg Wallace and his identity, it explains how he is not fit and healthy and how that is how he represents himself now.

Van Zoonen talks about women being objectified in media, we see this with the article about Doja Cat and her dress and the Grammy's the fact that its a 'see through dress' showcases how women are objectified in media

Bell Hooks 

Tuesday 6th February

Politics and current affairs, This news post shows the current affairs of the UK, we can even see this in the top left where is says live which tells us as the audience that you couldn't get anymore current and up to date than that 

Social welfare

The arts, culture, sports & lifestyle. On the guardians home page we can see that they even have separate pages for each of the different aspects showing that the guardians audience are very much interested in the sports, culture and lifestyle 

A centre left political ideology, criticising right wing prime minister Rishi Sunak.

EVENTS - 

Selection & combination of content:

King Charles getting cancer 

Connotations of this representation: 

What is in store for the monarchy and how will it effect the country

ISSUES - 

Selection & combination of content:

'Hundreds queue at new NHS dental practise in Bristol hoping for treatment'

Connotations of this representation:

Gives us connotations of the cost of living and how it has effected many different things rather than just prices

SOCIAL GROUPS - 

Selection & combination of content:

Big lack of representation of disabled people 

Connotations of this representation: 

The disabled people aren't getting any coverage in the news now and when it is it is buried under all the other different news headlines and on a different page to the main news. It had been put under the culture tab when it is a big issue and should have been main headlining news.

INDIVIDUALS -

Selection & combination of content:

Connotations of this representation: 

Monday 19th February

Dominant social groups have power - 

This news page shows dominant groups having more power because it talks about certain MP, Wes Streeting and his views and opinions on the Israel Gaza strip war going on at the moment. This is important for the dominant groups and showcases of that as most of the MP's that will be talked about are white, middle class, heterosexual males who are more often than not privately educated.

Individualism is complicated - 

This news page talks about someones individual experiences and problems on the front page of the guardian therefore celebrating individualism and individual news 

Globalisation Benefits Society - 

This news pages shows us important (usually politics) from across the globe, This page specifically talking about china and its ties with european country Hungary. This shows us as brits what is happening and what could effect our lives even if it is not our country that we are viewing news from.  

Van Zoonen - 

Women are objectified and this news story showcases that exactly and how her clothes sexualise her and makes her seem as if she is there to be 'looked at'

Gauntlett - 

Hall - 

Bell Hooks -

Butler - 

Gilroy - 

Tuesday 20th February

Political Contexts -

A free press, self-regulation and the fourth estate are important in democratic societies. 

Protective coverage gives editors power over information that reaches mass audiences. 

Politicians will test the reaction of the press to policies before deciding to continue with them. 

Historical Contexts - 

Newspapers are one of the oldest media forms dating back to the 17th century. 

Since the 1980's, the digital print age has impacted the printed press to the extent that the industry has had to change how they respond. 

Mass readership of newspapers arose in the late 19th century with the extension of education and the vote. 

Economic Contexts - 

Ownership of the market shares has to be monitored to ensure competition and plurality in the news industry.

Technological advancements have impacted the circulation of print news with the rise of online news.

The British news industry contributes significantly to the British economy. 

Social Contexts - 

Gatekeeping the Production, distribution and circulation of news means it is socially constructed product by owners and journalists.

The news reinforces and comments on other social institutions such as law, government, finance, family, religion, education and media. 

Production and circulation of news socialises us into learning what is important and how we think about different events, issues, individuals, and social groups.

Historical - Still maintaining the production of print newspapers to keep traditions 

Economic - Cheaper to subscribers to get them to commit to the purchase, makes them more money

Political - Talks about left wing MP Starmer 

Social - Antisemitism addressed as an issue after Hamas attacks in the UK 

Cultural - 

Historical - 

Economic - 

Political - 

Social - Police are not as respected as they once were

Cultural - Obsession of celebrities and pop culture 

Monday 4th March 

Explain how the political context in which newspapers are produced influences their ownership and regulation. 

The political context alters how newspapers are produced influences their ownership and regulation, we know this because of many different points one of them being self regulation. This changes a lot of things when dealing with news as the newspapers are able to decide what goes into their paper and regulate it all themselves, they have the choice of join in IPSO regulation, of which the daily mail have chosen to do so, but they do not have to which then leaves it entirely up to the owner of the newspaper. Some papers like the guardian are self regulated but are also owed by a trust and are supposedly only there to provide information and not for a profit. 

Explain how the historical contexts of newspapers have evolved in the ways audiences interact with news. 

Audiences interact with news very differently to what they used to compared to now. Back in 1950's when newspapers were at their peak readership and making the most money as it was the most reliable source of news at the time and the ease of being able to buy it in the morning before work and read what had been happening the day after it happened was unheard of this all slowly starting dying down from the 1960's onwards where television was being introduced into most households ore often and news would have been aired live on their and now they could get it from the very same day. This was the norm of news for a while until we reached the 21st century where news became accessible on handheld mobile devices and was able to be updated as it was happening therefore allowing the reader to follow along with the news story as it was going on in real time and it was at such ease to access as it was always in your pocket. 

Explain how economic contexts, including commercial and not for profit funding, affect distribution of newspapers

distribution is effected by economic contexts as the decline in newspaper sales has greatly effected how news is produced 

Tuesday 5th March 

Van Zoonen - Women are objectified in media 

It is not who we are but what we do - Patriarchy 

David looking upset and showing emotion but not crying 

Wife -

Hair and make up all done up with the dress

supportive wife through difficult times taking him by the hand

Stereotypically feminine 

David - 

Close up to show emotion 

teary prime minister (Show emotion)

Aggressive headline -> slang / swearing 

Contradicts stereotypical masculine ideas of masculinity (openly crying)

Reinforces patriarchal ideals, man in power, most powerful man in uk at the time 

Analyse the representations in sources A & B. Use Van Zoonens concept of patriarchy in your answer

The representations in sources A and B showcase patriarchy within these two newspapers. Both of these two texts show us venerability from the prime minister which goes agains the very stereotypical ideas of men, especially men in power. The close up on the sun of David where he is looking 'Teary' as quoted by the sub-headlines shows us this man in great power, possibly the most powerful man in the United Kingdom at the time of this newspaper being released, this challenges all stereotypes of men and the whole idea of 'men don't cry' this then links back to patriarchy because of that idea of a man in power yet he is not being scrutinised for the opposing stereotypes in this cover. In the Times we can see he is pulled a very similar face if not the same suggesting to us that these two images have been taken at the same very time but he is shown differently in the times and their usage of image reinforces this idea. We can see from this image that he is represented as if he is 'leaving it all behind' and 'walking away' from the position he was just in, he is still being shown as slightly emotional by him looking down and his solemn facial expression. Also we can see that it looks as if he is being lead away from the door from by his wife, the door being 10 downing street where the prime minister lives, this suggests he maybe doesn't want to leave and is upset at having to give up his position as the prime minister. This juxtaposes the sun heavily as The Sun suggests he no longer cares for the job and and quit whereas The Times shows it in a different light where he is resigning or giving up his position and walking away from it all, as if to start a new chapter. This supports Van Zoonens idea of patriarchy as we can see the main focus is all on David Cameron, the male, in power and there is no coverage of any other story on either of these covers therefore allowing only representation of women being 'the powerful man's wife' which also links back to women being objectified in media which is another one of Van Zoonens theories that they suggest within our media today.

 

Monday 11th March 

Question 2 

25 Mins 15 Marks 

How far has genre influenced the media language in sources A & B?

Genre has influenced media language in media language in many different ways, we cans start by looking at the standard conventions of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, the original broadsheet newspaper is well recognised for it plain black and white colours which will consist of a lot of text making the text to image ratio very minimal for the imagery. Typically having one or on some rarer cases two images on the front cover, we will see their almost always old fashioned mastheads usually at the top of the page in big bold text across the A3 sheet although now a lot more of them have optioned to transition to the smaller counterpart due to cost. These standard conventions are then flipped when starting to look into tabloids, more normal conventions for a tabloid newspaper would consist of the bright red box at the top with the masthead in big bold sans serif white type in the middle, lots of imagery across the page and a heavy use on slang as tabloid newspapers tend to cover much softer news and will not tend to covert the harder stuff. 

The contrasting use of media language in the sources becomes very blatant when looking at these two covers, it helps us as analysers to pick out things from these two sources that suggest genre influences media language. We can see from the image in both of these that it looks to be possibly the same image, if not then it is taken in the very same spot as each other 

In conclusion genre does effect and influence the media language in both sources 

Tuesday 12th March 

Question 3 

17 Mins 10 Marks 

The Guardians Ethos are - honesty, integrity, courage, fairness, and a sense of duty to the reader and the community.

Curren & Seaton - 

Patterns in ownership & control are important in how the media functions 

Owners of media are capitalist and aim to increase their ownership of the news and other forms of media which then leads to narrowing of views which therefore effects plurality

Owners 

Question 3 

History of news

declined in sales in the 1950's -60's due to television

declined even further in 1990's due to internet
Major news went online to counteract print news declines